手把手教你三步写好一篇不拿高分没道理的SAT ESSAY

sat考试改革创新

在提前准备新SAT创作考試时，不论是日常小学作文或者考試当场，考生最先要做的一件事全是细心揣测作者用意。思索作者是如何在原文中构建事实论据论点，并最后为全篇逻辑服务项目的。

但你写作时应用的论点理应另外达到2个标准，一是正好能为作者的难题给出回答，二是在表意文字清晰的前提条件下尽量地言简意赅，防止为了更好地追求完美句子绮丽而层叠句子。考生必须自始至终记牢的一点是，一个强大的论点理应最先是为全篇文章逻辑服务项目的一部分，次之才算是赚取令人满意成绩的专用工具。
美国高校联合会觉得考生在机构语言表达成小短文前理应考虑到添加文章内容中的几个方面是：直接证据、有逻辑的事实论据和有感染力的健身培训设计风格。在修辞学上，之上几个方面全是造就一篇文章必不可少的要素。
以美国高校联合会官方网站给出的练习题为例子：
prompt：
As you read the passage below, consider how Paul Bogard uses
evidence, such as facts or examples, to support claims.
reasoning to develop ideas and to connect claims and evidence.
stylistic or persuasive elements, such as word choice or appeals to emotion, to add power to the ideas expressed.
Adapted from Paul Bogard,Let There Be Dark. 2012 by Los Angeles Times. Originally published December 21, 2012.
At my family s cabin on a Minnesota lake, I knew woods so dark that my hands disappeared before my eyes. I knew night skies in which meteors left smoky trails across sugary spreads of stars. But now, when 8 of 10 children born in the United States will never know a sky dark enough for the Milky Way, I worry we are rapidly losing night s natural darkness before realizing its worth. This winter solstice, as we cheer the daysgradual movement back toward light, let us also remember the irreplaceable value of darkness.
All life evolved to the steady rhythm of bright days and dark nights. Today, though, when we feel the closeness of nightfall, we reach quickly for a light switch. And too little darkness, meaning too much artificial light at night, spells trouble for all.
Already the World Health Organization classifies working the night shift as a probable human carcinogen, and the American Medical Association has voiced its unanimous support forlight pollution reduction efforts and glare reduction efforts at both the national and state levels.Our bodies need darkness to produce the hormone melatonin, which keeps certain cancers from developing, and our bodies need darkness for sleep. Sleep disorders have been linked to diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease and depression, and recent research suggests one main cause ofshort sleepislong light.Whether we work at night or simply take our tablets, notebooks and smartphones to bed, there isn t a place for this much artificial light in our lives.
The rest of the world depends on darkness as well, including nocturnal and crepuscular species of birds, insects, mammals, fish and reptiles. Some examples are well known the 400 species of birds that migrate at night in North America, the sea turtles that come ashore to lay their eggs and some are not, such as the bats that save American farmers billions in pest control and the moths that pollinate 80% of the world s flora. Ecological light pollution is like the bulldozer of the night, wrecking habitat and disrupting ecosystems several billion years in the making. Simply put, without darkness, Earth s ecology would collapse….
In today s crowded, louder, more fast-paced world, night s darkness can provide solitude, quiet and stillness, qualities increasingly in short supply. Every religious tradition has considered darkness invaluable for a soulful life, and the chance to witness the universe has inspired artists, philosophers and everyday stargazers since time began. In a world awash with electric light…how would Van Gogh have given the world hisStarry Night ? Who knows what this vision of the night sky might inspire in each of us, in our children or grandchildren?
Yet all over the world, our nights are growing brighter. In the United States and Western Europe, the amount of light in the sky increases an average of about 6% every year. Computer images of the United States at night, based on NASA photographs, show that what was a very dark country as recently as the 1950s is now nearly covered with a blanket of light. Much of this light is wasted energy, which means wasted dollars. Those of us over 35 are perhaps among the last generation to have known truly dark nights. Even the northern lake wher I was lucky to spend my summers has seen its darkness diminish.
It doesn t have to be this way. Light pollution is readily within our ability to solve, using new lighting technologies and shielding existing lights. Already, many cities and towns across North America and Europe are changing to LED streetlights, which offer dramatic possibilities for controlling wasted light. Other communities are finding success with simply turning off portions of their public lighting after midnight. Even Paris, the famedcity of light,which already turns off its monument lighting after 1 a.m., will this summer start to require its shops, offices and public buildings to turn off lights after 2 a.m. Though primarily designed to save energy, such reductions in light will also go far in addressing light pollution. But we will never truly address the problem of light pollution until we become aware of the irreplaceable value and beauty of the darkness we are losing.
Write an essay in which you explain how Paul Bogard builds an argument to persuade his audience that natural darkness should be preserved. In your essay, analyze how Bogard uses one or more of the features in the directions that precede the passage (or features of your own choice) to strengthen the logic and persuasiveness of his argument. Be sure that your analysis focuses on the most relevant features of the passage.
Your essay should not explain whether you agree with Bogard s claims, but rather explain how Bogard builds an argument to persuade his audience.

看了本文，你或许会被Paul Bogard晦涩难懂的写作设计风格难倒，没法了解他到底是怎么论述自身的观点 Let There Be Dark 。你切入点的管理中心观点或许是Paul Bogard在文中中应用了一些客观事实来3D渲染心态。这一念头看上去有点儿不光滑，但的确表述了你对文章内容和作者的了解。特别注意的一点是，他们并不涉及到你是不是愿意作者的观点，也并不规定你表述自身对黑喑的了解和体会。有别于2016年以前SAT考試中对创作的规定，新版本创作的得分管理体系中考生自己的观点除开剖析文章内容和修辞方法方法之外，并没什么充分发挥的空间。

第一步，简明扼要的论点

在提前准备新SAT创作考試时，不论是日常小学作文或者考試当场，考生最先要做的一件事全是细心揣测作者用意。思索作者是如何在原文中构建事实论据论点，并最后为全篇逻辑服务项目的。

但你写作时应用的论点理应另外达到2个标准，一是正好能为作者的难题得出回答，二是在表意文字清晰的前提条件下尽量地简明扼要，防止为了更好地追求完美句子绮丽而层叠句子。考生必须自始至终记牢的一点是，一个强大的论点理应最先是为全篇文章逻辑服务项目的一部分，次之才算是赚取令人满意成绩的专用工具。
美国高校联合会觉得考生在机构语言表达成小短文前理应考虑到添加文章内容中的几个方面是：直接证据、有逻辑的事实论据和有感染力的健身培训设计风格。在修辞学上，之上几个方面全是造就一篇文章必不可少的要素。
以美国高校联合会官方网站得出的练习题为例子：
prompt：
As you read the passage below, consider how Paul Bogard uses
evidence, such as facts or examples, to support claims.
reasoning to develop ideas and to connect claims and evidence.
stylistic or persuasive elements, such as word choice or appeals to emotion, to add power to the ideas expressed.
Adapted from Paul Bogard,Let There Be Dark. 2012 by Los Angeles Times. Originally published December 21, 2012.
At my family s cabin on a Minnesota lake, I knew woods so dark that my hands disappeared before my eyes. I knew night skies in which meteors left smoky trails across sugary spreads of stars. But now, when 8 of 10 children born in the United States will never know a sky dark enough for the Milky Way, I worry we are rapidly losing night s natural darkness before realizing its worth. This winter solstice, as we cheer the daysgradual movement back toward light, let us also remember the irreplaceable value of darkness.
All life evolved to the steady rhythm of bright days and dark nights. Today, though, when we feel the closeness of nightfall, we reach quickly for a light switch. And too little darkness, meaning too much artificial light at night, spells trouble for all.
Already the World Health Organization classifies working the night shift as a probable human carcinogen, and the American Medical Association has voiced its unanimous support forlight pollution reduction efforts and glare reduction efforts at both the national and state levels.Our bodies need darkness to produce the hormone melatonin, which keeps certain cancers from developing, and our bodies need darkness for sleep. Sleep disorders have been linked to diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease and depression, and recent research suggests one main cause ofshort sleepislong light.Whether we work at night or simply take our tablets, notebooks and smartphones to bed, there isn t a place for this much artificial light in our lives.
The rest of the world depends on darkness as well, including nocturnal and crepuscular species of birds, insects, mammals, fish and reptiles. Some examples are well known the 400 species of birds that migrate at night in North America, the sea turtles that come ashore to lay their eggs and some are not, such as the bats that save American farmers billions in pest control and the moths that pollinate 80% of the world s flora. Ecological light pollution is like the bulldozer of the night, wrecking habitat and disrupting ecosystems several billion years in the making. Simply put, without darkness, Earth s ecology would collapse….
In today s crowded, louder, more fast-paced world, night s darkness can provide solitude, quiet and stillness, qualities increasingly in short supply. Every religious tradition has considered darkness invaluable for a soulful life, and the chance to witness the universe has inspired artists, philosophers and everyday stargazers since time began. In a world awash with electric light…how would Van Gogh have given the world hisStarry Night ? Who knows what this vision of the night sky might inspire in each of us, in our children or grandchildren?
Yet all over the world, our nights are growing brighter. In the United States and Western Europe, the amount of light in the sky increases an average of about 6% every year. Computer images of the United States at night, based on NASA photographs, show that what was a very dark country as recently as the 1950s is now nearly covered with a blanket of light. Much of this light is wasted energy, which means wasted dollars. Those of us over 35 are perhaps among the last generation to have known truly dark nights. Even the northern lake wher I was lucky to spend my summers has seen its darkness diminish.
It doesn t have to be this way. Light pollution is readily within our ability to solve, using new lighting technologies and shielding existing lights. Already, many cities and towns across North America and Europe are changing to LED streetlights, which offer dramatic possibilities for controlling wasted light. Other communities are finding success with simply turning off portions of their public lighting after midnight. Even Paris, the famedcity of light,which already turns off its monument lighting after 1 a.m., will this summer start to require its shops, offices and public buildings to turn off lights after 2 a.m. Though primarily designed to save energy, such reductions in light will also go far in addressing light pollution. But we will never truly address the problem of light pollution until we become aware of the irreplaceable value and beauty of the darkness we are losing.
Write an essay in which you explain how Paul Bogard builds an argument to persuade his audience that natural darkness should be preserved. In your essay, analyze how Bogard uses one or more of the features in the directions that precede the passage (or features of your own choice) to strengthen the logic and persuasiveness of his argument. Be sure that your analysis focuses on the most relevant features of the passage.
Your essay should not explain whether you agree with Bogard s claims, but rather explain how Bogard builds an argument to persuade his audience.

看了本文，你或许会被Paul Bogard晦涩难懂的写作设计风格难倒，没法了解他到底是怎么论述自身的观点 Let There Be Dark 。你切入点的管理中心观点或许是Paul Bogard在文中中应用了一些客观事实来3D渲染心态。这一念头看上去有点儿不光滑，但的确表述了你对文章内容和作者的了解。特别注意的一点是，他们并不涉及到你是不是愿意作者的观点，也并不规定你表述自身对黑喑的了解和体会。有别于2016年以前SAT考試中对创作的规定，新版本创作的得分管理体系中考生自己的观点除开剖析文章内容和修辞方法方法之外，并没什么充分发挥的空间。

第二步，详细严实的直接证据传动链条

你的论点论据理应是全篇文章的生命和支点，为全文的主体工程特定了方位。仅就上文提及的练习题来讲，只是摘抄全文做为根据给予 迷人的语言表达 和 有章可循的客观事实 是还不够的，你要必须剖析你自己的事例来证明作者总领全文的论点论据。

在 Let There Be Dark 本文的开场，Bogard追忆了他在阿肯色州渡过的儿时，他应用了 meteors left smoky trails across sugary spreads of stars. 来描述童年回忆中天上的黑喑。
它是一段典型性的、十分迷人的文本。效应是能够 快速构建情景，同化作用阅读者的心绪，让阅读者从文本里感受到他脑子里重现的儿时景色。他叙述的场景被文本栩栩如生起來，并协助阅读者体会到几十年前，环境污染还不是很比较严重时那一个黑乎乎的妙曼星空。但你很有可能也必须注意到Bogard应用了sugar这个词，与儿时相映衬，注重了梦幻仙境的梦幻2感。
必须再度严格执行，一定不必只不过是在原文中列举案例，反过来，理应明确提出一个简易明确的二级论点论据来汇总你的空话。之上文举例说明，针对上一段大家着意剖析的他们，你能那样在原文中反映你的观点，即， The author uses powerful imagery that calls readers to imagine a vanishing world of childlike awe rooted in the beauty and mystery of the night sky.
你需要做的是反复作者讲了哪些，怎么讲的，他们的深刻含义是啥及其这一精彩片段是如何与全文融为一体的。
而在考试作文提醒(prompts)中谈及的原素一般 是最非常容易被考生化作己用的写作构造，假如時间确实急迫，阅读文章全文有艰难，还可以从prompts中谈妥你的二级论点论据，你需要关心的是作者挑选了什么客观事实来适用他的观点，你的剖析就理应关键紧紧围绕这种客观事实进行。
而向下整理练习题案件线索，大家不会太难发觉作者应用的事实论据发生了导向性分裂，因此 必须立刻为这一状况做一个汇总， Certain facts establish that the night sky is growing brighter and that lack of darkness has a negative impact on health.
最终，你需要关心的地区则是作者为何挑选这种事实论据来适用自身的观点，为何又提及了身心健康并非只说艺术美学这一个观点?他本能够 简易的论述环境污染使大家失去漂亮的星空，但他又提及了环境污染对身心健康的危害，那麼依据这种直接证据分辨，他的文章内容感染力是更强了或是最弱了呢?
这全是考生必须思索并融进原文中的。最终，必须考生保证自身留够了時间来编写一个感染力充足强劲的结果，用于收缩前文纷繁复杂的案件线索文思。这一点说起来非常容易做起來却难，考生经常因为時间急迫或者大局观缺乏等要素，在文章内容的最终仅仅简易汇总了自身的观点，而忽视了一个点睛之笔对全文的升华作用。

第三步，无懈的结果

最终，必须考生保证自身留够了時间来编写一个感染力充足强劲的结果，用于收缩前文纷繁复杂的案件线索文思。这一点说起来非常容易做起來却难，考生经常因为時间急迫或者大局观缺乏等要素，在文章内容的最终仅仅简易汇总了自身的观点，而忽视了一个点睛之笔对全文的升华作用。

或许会出现考生埋怨自身文笔不足，难以在比较有限的時间里想到一个充足夺目的点睛之笔，那麼比不上试着应用一个汇总文章段落来替代。相信自己，即便 文笔不足醒目，但汇总文章段落的必要性是显而易见的这是一个让结果与文章正文黏合在一起的极佳方式 。
而针对练习题而言，末尾段能够 那样写： Bogard’s essay called on powerful imagery of a magical childhood under assault from a flood of wasteful and unnecessary light. The mix of cold, hard facts with emotionally intense language builds to a whole that is stronger than the sum of its parts.